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Coolant Filtration
COOLANT FILTRATION Cooling System Problems & Failures
Cooling System Problems

There are many cooling system problems and failures. Most of these problems have occurred due to incorrect
information and maintenance practices. The following will address these problem areas by correcting the
erroneous information and listing the proper maintenance practices.

The chart shown below is a listing of the six most common problems seen in today’s cooling system. Along
with each problem is a description of how it occurs, how it affects your engine and, most importantly, the
cure.

Problem How it Happens What it Can Do The Cure
Rust Oxidation within the cooling system Clog the system. Cause The inhibitors in a quality
accelerated wear Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) prevent oxidation.
Acidity One of two items: Ethylene glycol Corrode iron, steel and The SCA keeps salt minerals in
antifreeze reacts with oxygen in aluminum. suspension so they cannot deposit
the air and forms acids; a loose on the engine metal surfaces or clog
head gasket or other leakage can passages.
allow sulphuric acids formed by
the burning of fuel to leak into the
cooling system.
Pitted Cylinder Constant vibratioan of the cylinder Cause pits which can The SCA coats the liner with a
Liners liner causes a mementary vacuum extend over time, through think film to protect it from erosion
to form on its surface. Coolant boils the thickness of the liner without impacting heat transfer.
into the vacuum and vopor bubbles and allow coolant to enter
implode on the surfaces of the liner, the combustion chamber or
digging into unprotected liners. crankcase.
Foam Foam – the aeration of coolant – Adds to the cavitation Today’s SCAs have an anti-foam
occurs from air leakage into the erosion problem, agent to prevent formation of air
system. particularly in areas of bubbles. This foam prevention agent
water pump impellers is effective at all temperatures,
even during start-up.
Pitted Water Pump Flow rates and turbulence are high Cause lose of pump The supplemental additives protec
Impellers at the impeller blade. This causes efficiency and total pump tthe impeller from cavitation erosion
cavitation. In addition there is a failure and the filter holds particulate
possibility that abrasive particles are matter to reduce abrasive wear on
present int he system. the cooling system components

Filter Manufacturer’s Council
Technical Service Bulletin (TSB-88-1, September 1988)

104 • Engine Liquid Filtration www.donaldson.com